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Objective To investigate current status of hemodialysis,and qualified status of dialysis water and dia-lysate in a city. Methods Status of hemodialysis in 36 medical institutions in a city which conducted blood purifica-tion programme was surveyed,dialysis water and dialysate were collected to perform microbial detection(including conventional and low temperature culture methods)and on-site ATP detection.Results 13.89% of equipments for water treatment were used less than 1 year,5.56% were used for more than 10 years. 77.78% of medical institu-tions didn't replace sand filtration which had been used for more than 1 year,the replacement time of 72.22% of fil-ter core was less than 3 months,2.78% of reverse water supply pipeline was used for more than 10 years.77.78%of medical institutions used finished A solution,72.22% used finished B solution,22.22% used centrally provided A solution,19.44% used centrally provided B solution,and 8.34% used self-made B solution. Routine microbial detection in 36 medical institutions were qualified,but 80.56% of detection results were"0" value for long period;ATP detection of on-site collected dialysis water and dialysate were all qualified. One specimen for microbial detec-tion under normal temperature exceeded the standard,2 reached the intervention value;4 specimens for microbial detection under low temperature exceeded the standard,6 reached the intervention value;qualified rates of 3 kinds of detection methods among different levels of medical institutions weren't significantly different(all P>0.05).Con-clusion The overall quality of hemodialysis water and dialysate in this city is good,the majority of medical institutions pay attention to the routine maintenance of water treatment equipment,detect the quality of hemodialysis water and dialysate regularly,but microbial detection technique needs to be improved,causes for abnormal results or intervention value of rou-tine detection needs to be analyzed and improved continuously.
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To further develop the methods to remotely sense the biochemical content of plant canopies, we report the results of an experiment to estimate the concentrations of three biochemical variables of corn, i.e., nitrogen (N), crude fat (EE) and crude fiber (CF) concentrations, by spectral reflectance and the first derivative reflectance at fresh leaf scale. The correlations between spectral reflectance and the first derivative transformation and three biochemical variables were analyzed, and a set of estimation models were established using curve-fitting analyses. Coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and relative error of prediction (REP) of estimation models were calculated for the model quality evaluations, and the possible optimum estimation models of three biochemical variables were proposed, with R2 being 0.891, 0.698 and 0.480 for the estimation models of N, EE and CF concentrations, respectively. The results also indicate that using the first derivative reflectance was better than using raw spectral reflectance for all three biochemical variables estimation, and that the first derivative reflectances at 759 nm, 1954 nm and 2370 nm were most suitable to develop the estimation models of N, EE and CF concentrations, respectively. In addition, the high correlation coefficients of the theoretical and the measured biochemical parameters were obtained, especially for nitrogen (r=0.948).
Subject(s)
Lipids , Nitrogen , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Spectrum Analysis , Zea mays , ChemistryABSTRACT
The objectives of the study were to select suitable wavebands for rice leaf area index (LAI) estimation using the data acquired over a whole growing season, and to test the efficiency of the selected wavebands by comparing them with feature positions of rice canopy spectra. In this study, the field experiment in 2002 growing season was conducted at the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Measurements of hyperspectral reflectance (350 approximately 2500 nm) and corresponding LAI were made for a paddy rice canopy throughout the growing season. And three methods were employed to identify the optimal wavebands for paddy rice LAI estimation: correlation coefficient-based method, vegetation index-based method, and stepwise regression method. This research selected 15 wavebands in the region of 350~2 500 nm, which appeared to be the optimal wavebands for the paddy rice LAI estimation. Of the selected wavebands, the most frequently occurring wavebands were centered around 554, 675, 723, and 1 633 nm. They were followed by 444, 524, 576, 594, 804, 849, 974, 1 074, 1 219, 1 510, and 2 194 nm. Most of them made physical sense and had their counterparts in spectral known feature positions, which indicates the promising potential of the 15 selected wavebands for the retrieval of paddy rice LAI.
Subject(s)
Oryza , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the efficacy of Qingkailing soft capsules in treating acute fever, and the relationship between symptoms-effect and time effect.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Qingkailing soft capsules was taken orally, 4 times a day, 1.6 g each time. Shuanghuanglian kou fu liquid was taken as control. 129 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection were recruited.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were 73.34% of patients cured by Qingkailing soft capsules and 43.59% cured by Shuanghuanglian kou fu liquid. The efficacy of the former was better than that of the latter (P < 0.05). The efficacy of Qingkailing soft capsules in treating Fengrexing was better than that in Fenghanxing (P < 0.05). The efficacy of Qingkailing soft capsules in reducing rapid pulse and adding moderate pulse was more remarkable than Shuanghuanglian kou fu liquid (P < 0.05). Taking Qingkailing soft capsules seldom induced mild gastrointestinal disturbance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qingkailing soft capsules showed good result in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection with less adverse effect.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Capsules , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Leukocyte Count , Materia Medica , Therapeutic Uses , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Respiratory Tract Infections , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
This paper reported a new home-made nonpoisonous substrate of horseradish peroxidase(HRP),3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine sulphate(TMBS),used in ELISA with the aqueous soluble egg antigen(SEA)as antigen;proved patients'sera as antibo- dy and the antihuman IgG was replaced by protein A conjugate. The optimun condition obtained by orthogonal design was 1.0 millimolarity of TMBS,1.2 millimolarity of H_2O_2,and pH value at 5.0.The best time to stop reaction with H_2SO_4,was 30-60 min after adding substrate TMBS.At the same time,TMB and OPD were used as compared substrates.It showed that the reaction colour of both TMBS and TMB remained much more stable than that of OPD when being exposured in light and oxygen.After the solutions of TMBS and TMB were stored under 4℃ in refrigerator for 60 days,the coefficient of variation among different experiments was less than 10%. The results in detecting specific antibody in sera from 28 patients with proved schistosomiasis also showed that the sensitivity of TMBS was remarkably higher than OPD.It was found that TMBS used in enzyme immunoassay for demonstrating specific antibody was suitable not only for optical density(OD)read by spectrophotometer but also for estimation judged by naked-eye.During TMBS and TMB used in indirect immunoperoxidase method(IIP),the specific antibody in the tissue can be easily dete- cted and located as well.